Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) of the brain are a rare cause of bleeding stroke as well as epilepsy and other neurological conditions.

Aneurysms are a weakened bulge in the wall of arteries that may develop anywhere. In the brain they are an important cause of stroke in younger people.

Cavernomas are low pressure vascular anomalies that may be found in the brain or spinal cord. They are often minimally or asymptomatic but are also a cause of stroke eplspy an progressive disability

Spinal vascular malformations may present with gradual neurological deterioration or rarely haemorrhage resulting in spinal stroke.

Dural arteriovenous fistulae that affect the brain (BDAVF) arise from abnormal connections that develop between the blood supply tot he coverings of the cranial cavity (scalp, skull, dura) and the circulation that service the brain, two systems that communicate minimally under normal circumstances.

Moyamoya disease results in progressive narrowing of the carotid arteries within the skull and may result in stroke.

Von Hippel-Lndau disease is a rare inherited condition that causes benign tumours in the nervous systems as well as tumours in eyes, kidneys and cysts on the abdominal organs.

Meningiomas are usually benign tumours that press on healthy nervous tissue. When symptomatic they can be effectively treated by microsurgical removal or with stereotactic radiosurgery.

Tumoursm arising from the coverings of the nervous system as it travels through the spinal canal and into the peripheral nervous system. These may be associated with genetic disease.

Nerve compression syndromes, tumours and diagnostic biopsy.

Chronic subdural haematoma are a reversible cause of neurological decline later in life and may result from minor trauma. Acute brain injury results from closed or penetrating cranial trauma.

Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) of the brain are a rare cause of bleeding stroke as well as epilepsy and other neurological conditions.